What is a storyboard?
Once a concept or script is written for a film or animation, the next step is to make a storyboard. A storyboard visually tells the story of an animation panel by panel, kind of like a comic book. Your storyboard will should convey some of the following information:

• What charaters are in the frame, and how are they moving?
• What are the characters saying to each other, if anything?
• How much time has passed between the last frame of the storyboard and the current one?
• Where the “camera” is in the scene? Close or far away? Is the camera moving?

Why make a storyboard?Creating a storyboard will help you plan your animation out shot by shot. You can make changes to your storyboard before you start animating, instead of changing your mind later. You will also be able to talk about your animation and show your storyboard to other people to get feedback on your ideas.

How do I make a storyboard?

Most commonly, storyboards are first drawn in pen or pencil, and later detailed using the computer. Keep in mind that your drawings don’t have to be fancy! In fact, you want to spend just a few minutes drawing each frame. Use basic shapes, stick figures, and simple backgrounds. If you draw your storyboard frames on index cards, you can rearrange them to move parts of the the story around.

Storyboard Language

• POV (point of view shot): A shot which is understood to be seen from the point of view of a character within the scene.
• CLOSE-UP SHOT: A close range of distance between the camera and the subject.
• LONG SHOT:  A long range of distance between the camera and the subject, often providing a broader range of the setting.

• ZOOM:  Use of the camera lens to move closely towards the subject.
• PAN:  A steady, sweeping movement from one point in a scene to another.
• TILT:  Using a camera on a tripod, the camera moves up or down to follow the action.

• FADE: A transition from a shot to black where the image gradually becomes darker is a Fade Out; or from black where the image gradually becomes brighter is a Fade In.
• DISSOLVE: A transition between two shots, where one shot fades away and simultaneously another shot fades in.

• HIGH CAMERA ANGLE: A camera angle which looks down on its subject making it look small, weak or unimportant.
• LEVEL CAMERA ANGLE:  A camera angle which is even with the subject; it may be used as a neutral shot.
• LOW CAMERA ANGLE:  A camera angle which looks up at its subject; it makes the subject seem important and powerful.

• JUMP CUT: A rapid, jerky transition from one frame to the next, either disrupting the flow of time or movement within a scene or making an abrupt transition from one scene to another.

• REACTION SHOT: A shot of someone looking off screen. A reaction shot can also be a shot of someone in a conversation where they are not given a line of dialogue but are just listening to the other person speak.

Storyboard Examples

From the Jane Animation Project – Hunting SequenceA simple storyboard made using stick figures